HE005: Key Drivers of Change
Short Answer Submission Form
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Instructions
Write your responses where it reads “Enter your response here.” Write as much as needed to satisfy the requirements indicated. Each item contains the Rubric which will be used to evaluate your responses.
1. Imagine you are a student in healthcare administration who is doing an internship in a large primary care organization in an urban city in Florida. The organization has multiple locations and several types of services within a culturally diverse and underserved community. You are asked to prepare a brief about national issues related to eliminating healthcare disparities and improving wellness. Your brief will provide suggestions and initiatives that could improve patient outcomes in the organization and the community.
Include the following:
· A concise summary of the changes in patient population, patient demographics, and chronic disease within the United States (1 paragraph)
· An explanation of how health disparities, cultural competency, and health equality can impact health outcomes (1 paragraph)
· An explanation of how the National Standards on Cultural Linguistically Appropriate Services (CLAS) can influence effective communication between patient, primary care physician (PCP), and organization (1 paragraph)
· A concise summary of how the National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA) and the Joint Commission requirements on cultural competency impact the organization’s accreditation (1 paragraph)
Your Response
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Rubric
| 0 Not Present |
1 Needs Improvement |
2 Meets Expectations |
3 Exceeds Expectations |
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| Sub-Competency 1: Explain how demographics have shaped the present-day healthcare system. | ||||
| Learning Objective 1.1: Summarize the changes in patient population, patient demographics, and chronic disease in the United States. |
Summary of the changes in patient population, patient demographics, and chronic disease in the United States is missing. | Report provides a limited or incorrect summary of the changes in patient population, patient demographics, and chronic disease in the United States. | Report accurately summarizes the changes in patient population, patient demographics, and chronic disease in the United States. | Response demonstrates the same level of achievement as “2,” plus the following: Report includes data on trends for at least two specific populations and chronic diseases. |
| Learning Objective 1.2: Explain how health disparities, cultural competency, and health equality impact health outcomes. |
Explanation of how health disparities, cultural competency, and health equality impact health outcomes is missing. | Report vaguely explains how health disparities, cultural competency, and health equality impact health outcomes. | Report thoroughly explains how health disparities, cultural competency, and health equality impact health outcomes. | Response demonstrates the same level of achievement as “2,” plus the following: Report includes specific examples of how cultural competency can impact health disparities and close the gaps of health inequality. |
| Learning Objective 1.3: Explain how the Cultural Linguistically Appropriate Services (CLAS) influences effective communication. |
Explanation of how CLAS influences effective communication is missing. | Report provides a limited or incorrect explanation on how CLAS influences effective communication between patient, PCP, and the organization. Explanation is not supported by references to academic and/or professional resources. |
Report clearly explains how CLAS influences effective communication between patient, PCP, and the organization. Explanation is supported by references to academic and/or professional resources. |
Response demonstrates the same level of achievement as “2,” plus the following: Report includes relevant information about current practices and procedures. |
| Learning Objective 1.4: Summarize how the National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA) and the Joint Commission (JC) requirements on cultural competency impact accreditation. |
Summary of how the NCQA and the JC requirements on cultural competency impact accreditation is missing. | Report vaguely summarizes how the NCQA and the JC requirements on cultural competency impact accreditation. Summary is not supported by references to academic and/or professional resources. |
Report thoroughly summarizes how the NCQA and the JC requirements on cultural competency impact accreditation. Summary is supported by references to academic and/or professional resources. |
Response demonstrates the same level of achievement as “2,” plus the following: Report infers why it is important to align practices and procedures to requirements for accreditation. |
2. Obesity is now a major preventable health risk in the U.S. Most experts attribute obesity to people consuming too much high-caloric foods and being inactive. Unhealthy foods have saturated America’s culture, with restaurant chains spending over $5.5 billion a year on advertising while a government-funded fruits and vegetables campaign only received $2 million. Explain how consumerism and advertising have impacted health outcomes in the US.
Your explanation should include the following:
· A list of the top five causes of death in the United States and a comparison with a list of the top five causes of death in your state. (1–2 paragraphs)
· Locate and copy and paste the web links for at least five advertisements of unhealthy products or services that might be contributing to the leading causes of death in your state. Then, locate and copy and paste the web links for at least five advertisements for healthy products or services that might contribute to the prevention of the leading causes of death in your state.
Include BOTH the web links AND the images for each advertisement within your Assessment document.
· Summarize how both types of marketing impact health outcomes. (1–2 paragraphs for the unhealthy products and 1–2 paragraphs for the healthy products)
Your Response
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Rubric
| Sub-Competency 2:Explain how socio-economic and healthcare trends have impacted the U.S. healthcare system. | ||||
| Learning Objective 2.1: Compare the leading causes of death in the United States to state-level causes of death. |
Comparison of the leading causes of death in the United States to state-level causes of death is missing. | Response vaguely compares the top five causes of death in the U.S. and the top five causes of death in a specific state. Response does not include a link to or citation for the data. |
Response accurately compares the top five causes of death in the U.S. and the top five causes of death in a specific state. Response includes a link to and/or a citation for the data. |
Response demonstrates the same level of achievement as “2,” plus the following: Response provides insight on how the trends/data between country and state are alike or different. |
| Learning Objective 2.2: Identify evidence of advertisements that target consumers in the U.S. healthcare system. |
Identification of advertisements that target consumers in the U.S. healthcare system is missing. | Response identifies five advertisements for unhealthy and healthy products or services but does not include images for all. Response includes a vague rationale as to why each of the products or services is healthy or unhealthy. |
Response identifies five advertisements for unhealthy products or services. Response identifies five advertisements for healthy products or services. Response includes images for each advertisement. Response includes a valid rationale as to why each of the products or services is healthy or unhealthy. Response includes a link and/or citation to the data. |
Response demonstrates the same level of achievement as “2,” plus the following: Response includes an explanation of how the advertisement targets a specific population, community, or subculture and the potential negative effects of the advertisement. |
| Learning Objective 2.3: Summarize how product advertisements impact health outcomes. |
Summary of how product advertisements impact health outcomes is missing. | Response vaguely summarizes how product advertisements impact health outcomes. Summary is not supported by references to academic and/or professional resources. |
Response clearly summarizes how product advertisement impacts health outcomes, using specific examples from the identified advertisements. Response includes a link and/or citation to the data. Summary is supported by references to academic and/or professional resources. |
Response demonstrates the same level of achievement as “2,” plus the following: Response provides examples of how legislation has tried to curb consumption of unhealthy products or services. |
3. Summarize how the following industries affect healthcare in the 21st century. (3–4 sentences each)
· Pharmaceutical research and manufacturing
· Information technology
· Regenerative medicine
· Patient-centered care
· Medical supply industry
· Healthcare marketing
· Long-term care
· Labor unions
Your Response
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Rubric
| Sub-Competency 2:Explain how socio-economic and healthcare trends have impacted the U.S. healthcare system. | ||||
| Learning Objective 2.4: Summarize how various healthcare related industries affect healthcare. |
Summary of how industries affect healthcare is missing. | Response includes a limited or incorrect summary of how industries affect healthcare. | Response thoroughly summarizes the impact of the following industries on healthcare: pharmaceutical research and manufacturing, information technology, regenerative medicine, patient-centered care, medical supply industry, healthcare marketing, long-term care, and labor unions. | Response demonstrates the same level of achievement as “2,” plus the following: Response provides additional insights on the positive and/or negative impact these industries have on providers and patients. Response is supported by references to two relevant academic and/or professional resources. |
4. You have 15 minutes to speak to your state governor regarding the prevention of a specific chronic disease. This conversation needs to be clear, concise, convincing, and factual. Write out specific talking points for this conversation. (1 page)
They should include:
· Introduction of the specific chronic disease and the population it affects
· National and state trends for the chronic disease
· Financial impact of the chronic disease
· Legislation or policy changes required to improve health outcomes for patients with the chronic disease
Your Response
Enter your response here
Rubric
| Sub-Competency 2: Explain how socio-economic and healthcare trends have impacted the U.S. healthcare system. | ||||
| Learning Objective 2.5: Explain the impact of chronic healthcare issues on the healthcare industry. |
Explanation of the impact of chronic healthcare issues on the healthcare industry is missing. | Talking points include a vague introduction of the specific chronic disease and the population it affects. Talking points include vague or incomplete explanations about chronic disease, financial impact, healthcare industry impact, and/or one legislation or policy change. |
Talking points include a succinct introduction of the specific chronic disease and the population it affects. Talking points include a thorough explanation of national and state trends on chronic diseases. Talking points include a clear explanation of the financial impact of the chronic disease on the healthcare industry. Talking points include an accurate overview of how the chronic disease impacts the healthcare industry. Talking points include one legislation or policy change that would improve health outcomes for patients with chronic diseases. |
Response demonstrates the same level of achievement as “2,” plus the following: Response provides additional examples of legislative policies that relate to successful prevention programs. |
5. The primary care network where you work is interested in the uses of telemedicine to improve outcomes and to lower operational costs for multiple underserved communities. Identify and describe two telemedicine programs that you feel would be beneficial. Explain at least two benefits of these programs, and at least two potential barriers. (2–3 paragraphs)
Your Response
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Rubric
6. The United States is projected to experience a significant shortage of primary care physicians (PCPs) and registered nurses (RNs), which is expected to intensify with the aging baby-boomer population. According to the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS, 2013), it has been estimated that by 2020 the country could experience a shortage of 20,400 or more primary care physicians, which often affects those living in inner-city communities and rural America. These shortages will be alleviated by the increased number of physician assistants and nurse practitioners, which will grow by 30% (HHS). According to Shi and Singh (2015), by 2020 there could be a deficit of Registered Nurses of over 300,000. As the need for healthcare grows, the uneven distribution and growing deficit of resources and providers leaves a large percentage of Americans at risk.
Reference: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, National Center for Health Workforce Analysis. (2013). Projecting the supply and demand for primary care practitioners through 2020. Retrieved from http://bhpr.hrsa.gov/healthworkforce/supplydemand/usworkforce/primarycare/
· Explain why there may be a shortage of PCPs in rural and inner-city communities. (1–2 paragraphs)
· How is the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) addressing the shortage of PCPs and RNs? (1–2 paragraphs)
· What other programs are available to address the shortage of primary care physicians and nurses? What action are the programs taking? (1–2 paragraphs)
· How is the shortage impacting healthcare delivery? Be specific by providing examples and support your response with academic resources. (1–2 paragraphs)
Your Response
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Rubric
| Sub-Competency 4: Explain how the shortage of healthcare workers impacts the healthcare delivery system. | ||||
| Learning Objective 4.1: Explain the reason for a shortage of PCPs in rural and inner-city communities. |
Explanation of why there may be a shortage of PCPs in rural and inner-city communities is missing. | Response vaguely explains why there may be a shortage of PCPs in rural and inner-city communities. Response is not supported by references to academic and/or professional resources. |
Response accurately explains why there may a shortage of PCPs in rural and inner-city communities. Response is supported by references to academic and/or professional resources. |
Response demonstrates the same level of achievement as “2,” plus the following: Response provides insight on incentives or programs that could attract providers in those communities. |
| Learning Objective 4.2: Explain how the PPACA addresses the shortage of PCPs and RNs. |
Explanation of how the PPACA addresses the shortage of PCPs and RNs is missing. | Response includes a limited or incorrect explanation of how the PPACA addresses the shortage of PCPs and RNs. | Response accurately explains how the PPACA addresses the shortage of PCPs and RNs. | Response demonstrates the same level of achievement as “2,” plus the following: Response infers how the shortage is impacting the current PCP and RN workforce. |
| Learning Objective 4.3: Describe programs that address the shortage of PCPs and RNs. |
Description of programs that address the shortage of PCPs and RNs is missing. | Response describes one program that addresses the shortage but does not include what action the program is taking to address the issue. | Response describes one program that addresses the shortage of PCPs and RNs. Response includes what action the program is taking to address the shortage of PCPs and RNs. |
Response demonstrates the same level of achievement as “2,” plus the following: Response describes more than one program that addresses the shortage of PCPs and RNs. Response includes additional recommendations for recruitment and retention for PCPS and RNs. |
| Learning Objective 4.4: Analyze how the shortage of PCPs and RNs impacts healthcare delivery. |
Analysis of how the shortage of PCPs and RNs impacts healthcare delivery is missing. | Response provides a vague analysis of how the shortage of PCPs and RNs impacts healthcare delivery. Response is not supported by references to academic and/or professional resources. |
Response provides a critical analysis of how the shortage of PCPs and RNs impacts healthcare delivery. Response is supported by references to academic and/or professional resources. |
Response demonstrates the same level of achievement as “2,” plus the following: Response provides specific examples of the impact of the shortage on patient cost, quality, and access to healthcare. |
7. Tuberculosis (TB), once the leading cause of death in the U.S., is still one of the most common and deadliest diseases worldwide. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), there are approximately 1.3 million TB-related deaths each year and one third of the world’s population is infected with TB. This disease remains an urgent public health problem in many countries, and globalization has created an environment in which TB can affect any population, including the U.S. Typically, the U.S. has fewer than 10,000 confirmed cases of TB per year. While significant progress has been made toward the elimination of TB in the U.S., the disease is still present and contagious.
· Describe how the CDC tracks, determines prevalence, and promotes prevention of TB in the U.S. (1–2 paragraphs)
· Describe how the CDC is addressing methods of transmission that impact the spread of TB globally. (1–2 paragraphs)
Your Response
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Rubric
| Sub-Competency 5: Analyze global trends and their impact on the U.S. healthcare system. | ||||
| Learning Objective 5.1: Describe how the CDC tracks, determines prevalence, and promotes prevention of TB in the United State. |
Description of how the CDC tracks, determines prevalence, and promotes prevention of TB in the United States is missing. | Response provides a limited or incorrect description of how the CDC tracks, determines prevalence, and promotes prevention of TB in the United State. | Response accurately and succinctly describes how the CDC tracks, determines prevalence, and promotes prevention of TB in the United States. | Response demonstrates the same level of achievement as “2,” plus the following: Response accurately describes specific programs the CDC is involved with that help prevent TB in the United States. |
| Learning Objective 5.2: Describe how the U.S. healthcare system addresses methods of transmission that impact the spread of TB globally. |
Description of how the U.S. healthcare system is addressing methods of transmission that impact the spread of TB globally is missing. | Response vaguely describes how the U.S. healthcare system is addressing methods of transmission that impact the spread of TB globally. Response is supported by few or no references to academic and/or professional resources. |
Response accurately describes how the U.S. healthcare system addresses two methods of transmission that impact the spread of TB globally. Response is supported by references to academic and/or professional resources. |
Response demonstrates the same level of achievement as “2,” plus the following: Response accurately describes how the U.S. healthcare system addresses at least three methods of transmission that impact the spread of TB globally. Response describes best practices for antibiotic-resistant TB. |
8. Each year up to 750,000 U.S. residents travel abroad to receive medical care. This phenomenon is called “medical tourism” and is a multi-billion dollar industry that is growing. The most common procedures performed on medical tourism trips are cosmetic surgery, dentistry, and heart surgery.
· Describe why U.S. citizens are traveling abroad for medical treatment, including the potential benefits and risks involved. (1–2 paragraphs)
· Visit the following website and describe any differences you note related to medical tourism in different countries. (1–2 paragraphs) Website:Patients Beyond Borders. (2014). Medical tourism statistics & facts. Retrieved from http://www.patientsbeyondborders.com/medical-tourism-statistics-facts
Your Response
Enter your response here
Rubric
| Sub-Competency 5: Analyze global trends and their impact on the U.S. healthcare system. | ||||
| Learning Objective 5.3: Describe why U.S. citizens are traveling abroad for medical treatment. |
Description of why U.S. citizens are traveling abroad for medical treatment is missing. | Response describes why U.S. citizens are traveling abroad for medical treatment but does not provides examples of medical treatments obtained abroad. | Response accurately describes why U.S. citizens are traveling abroad for medical treatment. Response provides examples of medical treatments obtained abroad. Response is supported by references to academic and/or professional resources. |
Response demonstrates the same level of achievement as “2,” plus the following: Response provides data showing what medical treatments are most often provided to citizens traveling abroad. |
| Learning Objective 5.4: Describe differences you in medical tourism in different countries. |
Description of differences in medical tourism in different countries is missing. | Response inaccurately describes differences in medical tourism in two countries, or describes medical tourism in only one country. Response is not supported by references to academic and/or professional resources. |
Response accurately describes differences in medical tourism in two countries. Response is supported by references to academic and/or professional resources. |
Response demonstrates the same level of achievement as “2,” plus the following: Response includes differences in medical tourism in three or more countries. |
©2015 Walden University 3
